Formative assessments are done in real-time during the course of instruction. While summative assessments evaluate what students have learned by the end of a course or unit of instruction, formative assessments are used to provide immediate feedback to students on their learning. This feedback helps students identify areas where they need more practice or instruction. Analyzed at the course level, formative assessment can be used to understand how well instruction is helping students to achieve the course learning outcomes. Formative assessments are typically “no stakes” or “low stakes,” meaning that they are often ungraded or are a small portion of the student’s grade.

Formative assessment plays a crucial role in equity-minded assessment, which strives to support achievement of learning outcomes for all students regardless of background or identity. By providing opportunities to practice and get real-time feedback to improve, formative assessments support all students to achieve. 

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Creating and Using Rubrics for Assignments

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Frequent Feedback

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Classroom Assessment Techniques (CATs)

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